The instrument/ machine / equipment that facilitates telecommunication are known as telecommunication devices. Major examples are Land Line Telephone, Cell phone, Fax machine, Photo phone, computer etc.
Landline Telephone
The landline is a
type connection that uses metal wires or optical fiber for
transmission.
Characteristics
of Landline Telephone
A central office of telephone company
provides landline service of telephone via its outside plant. This outside
plant comprises the exchange a single pair of copper wire, or an optical fiber
from exchange area to each subscriber location, such as a home or office, at
the network interface. The subscriber may extend the wiring from the network
interface to the location of one or more telephones inside the premises.
The telephone may
be hard-wired or cordless and typically refers to the
operation of wireless devices or systems in fixed locations such as homes.
Fixed wireless devices usually derive their electrical power from the utility
mains electricity.
Users of Landline
Telephone
Approximately 1.260 billion
main telephone lines worldwide, China is on the top with 350
million, United States is second with 268 million landlines and United
Kingdom had 23.7 million residential landlines phones. The number of
landline users are decreasing continuously due to advancements in digital
technology and cellular phone or Internet-based alternatives.
Cell phone or Mobile Phone
A mobile phone, cellular phone or cell
phone is a wireless device which receives their signals from towers of
connection provider company. A cell is
typically the area of several miles around a tower in which a signal can
received. Cell or mobile phones provide an incredible array of functions.
Depending on the cell phones model, following functions alongwith voice call
can be perform:-
Make
task or to do lists
Send
text/ voice messages
Store
contact information
Set
reminders and keep track of appointments
Use
the built-in calculator for simple math and other applications
Get
information from the internet
Send
or received email
Mobile banking and payment
Mobile tracking
Top Manufacturers of Cell Phone
Motorola was market leader in mobile
phones from 1983 to 1998. From 1998 to 2012 Nokia holds the position
of market leader in mobile phones Now since 2012, Samsung is
holding top position with 21% of market share.
Major Components of Hardware
Central processing unit
Display – The screen
Sound Device
Battery
SIM Card
Types of Cell Phone
Smart
phones
Feature
Phones
Fax or Facsimile
Fax or Facsimile also known as telecopying or telefax
is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and
images) is normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other
output device. A fax machine basically scans a page to convert its text and
graphic into electronic into electronic signals and transmits it to another fax
machine through telephone line. The receiving fax machine interprets the signals
and uses a printer (normally built-in) to create the copy of message sent.
History of Fax
The first fax machine was invented by
Alexander Bain in 1843. The electric printing telegraph was the world’s first
faxing device.
Modem
A modulator-demodulator or modem is
a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format
into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone
or radio. A modem transmits data by modulating one or more carrier wave signals
to encode digital information, while the receiver demodulates the
signal to recreate the original digital information. The goal is to produce
a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded reliably. Modems
can be used with almost any means of transmitting analog signals,
from light-emitting diodes to radio.
Speed of Modem
Modems are frequently classified by the
maximum amount of data they can send in a given unit of time, usually
expressed in bits per second (symbol bit/s, or abbreviated
"bps") or rarely in bytes per second (symbol B/s). Modern
broadband modem speeds are typically expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
Types of Modems
Dial-Up
A dial-up modem
transmits computer data over an ordinary switched telephone line that has not
been designed for data use. This contrasts with leased line modems,
which also operate over lines provided by a telephone company but ones which
are intended for data use and do not impose the same signaling constraints.
Leased-Line Modems
A leased line modem also uses
ordinary phone wiring, like dial-up and DSL, but does not use the same network
topology. DSL uses a normal phone line but connects to equipment at the telco
central office, leased lines do not terminate at the telco.
Broadband Modems
The term broadband gained
widespread adoption in the late 1990s to describe internet access technology
exceeding the 56 kilobit/s maximum of dialup. There are many broadband
technologies, such as various DSL (digital subscriber line) technologies and
cable broadband.
Mobile broadband Modems
Modems which use a
mobile telephone system (GPRS, UMTS, HSPA, EVDO, WiMax, 5G etc.), are known as
mobile broadband modems (sometimes also called wireless modems). Wireless
modems can be embedded inside a laptop, mobile phone or other device, or
be connected externally. External wireless modems include connect cards,
USB modems, and cellular routers.
Optical Modem
A modem that connects to
a fiber optic network is known as an optical network terminal (ONT)
or optical network unit (ONU).
Null Modem
A null
modem cable is a specially wired cable connected between the serial
ports of two devices, with the transmit and receive lines reversed. It is
used to connect two devices directly without a modem. The same software or
hardware typically used with modems (such as Procomm or Minicom) could be used
with this type of connection.
Short-Haul
Modem
A "short haul modem" is a
device that bridges the gap between leased-line and dial-up modems. Like a leased-line
modem, they transmit over "bare" lines with no power or telco
switching equipment, but are not intended for the same distances that leased
lines can achieve.
Photo Phone
The photo phone is a telecommunication
device that allows transmission of speech on a beam of light. It was invented
jointly by Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter on 19
February 1880. Until the late 1960s, radio and radar communications were more
successful than optical communication (OC). OC started to get real attention
with the invention of the light amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation (laser) and the laser diode (LD) in the 1960s, followed in the 1970s
by the development of low-loss optical fiber (OFs) as medium for transmitting
information using light.